Biography of Thomas Adams, American Inventor

History of Thomas Adams, American Inventor Thomas Adams (May 4, 1818â€February 7, 1905) was an American creator. In 1871, he protected a machine that could mass produce biting gum from chicle. Adams later worked with agent William Wrigley, Jr. to set up the American Chicle Company, which experienced extraordinary accomplishment in the biting gum industry. Quick Facts: Thomas Adams Known For: Adams was an American creator who established the biting gum industry.Born: May 4, 1818 in New York CityDied: February 7, 1905 in New York City Early Life Thomas Adams was conceived on May 4, 1818, in New York City. There is minimal recorded data about his initial life; be that as it may, it is realized that he fiddled with different exchanges including glassmaking-before in the long run turning into a picture taker. Examinations With Chicle During the 1850s, Adams was living in New York and filling in as a secretary for Antonio de Santa Anna. The Mexican general was in a state of banishment, living with Adams in his Staten Island home. Adams saw that Santa Anna got a kick out of the chance to bite the gum of the Manilkara tree, which was known as chicle. Such characteristic items had been utilized as biting gum for a huge number of years by gatherings, for example, the antiquated Egyptians, Greeks, and Aztecs. In North America, biting gum had for quite some time been utilized by Native Americans, from whom British pilgrims in the long run received the training. Afterward, representative and creator John B. Curtis turned into the primary individual to sell gum financially. His gum was produced using improved paraffin wax. It was Santa Anna who proposed that the fruitless yet innovative picture taker Adams try different things with chicle from Mexico. Santa Clause Anna felt that chicle could be utilized to make a manufactured elastic tire. Santa Clause Anna had companions in Mexico who might have the option to gracefully the item economically to Adams. Prior to making biting gum, Thomas Adams originally attempted to transform chicle into manufactured elastic items. At that point, regular elastic was costly; an engineered option would have been amazingly valuable to numerous producers and would have ensured its innovator incredible riches. Adams endeavored to make toys, covers, downpour boots, and bike wears out of the chicle from Mexican sapodilla trees, yet every analysis fizzled. Adams got crippled by his inability to utilize chicle as an elastic substitute. He believed he had squandered about a years worth of work. At some point, Adams saw a young lady purchasing White Mountain paraffin wax biting gum for a penny at the corner drugstore. He reviewed that chicle was utilized as biting gum in Mexico and figured this would be an approach to utilize his excess chicle. As per a 1944 discourse given by Adams grandson Horatio at a feast for the American Chicle Company, Adams proposed to set up a trial bunch, which the drug specialist at the drugstore consented to test. Adams got back home from the gathering and told his child Thomas Jr. about his thought. His child, energized by the recommendation, proposed that the two assembling a few boxes of chicle biting gum and give the item a name and a mark. Thomas Jr. was a sales rep (he sold fitting supplies and some of the time went as far west as the Mississippi River), and he offered to take the biting gum on his next outing to check whether he could sell it. Biting Gum In 1869, Adams was roused to transform his excess stock into biting gum by adding enhancing to the chicle. Not long after, he opened the universes first biting gum processing plant. In February 1871, Adams New York Gum went marked down in sedate stores for a penny a piece. The gumballs came in coverings of various hues in a case with an image of New Yorks City Hall on the spread. The endeavor was such a triumph, that Adams was headed to plan a machine that could mass-produce the gum, permitting him to take care of bigger requests. He got a patent for this gadget in 1871. As per The Encyclopedia of New York City, Adams sold his unique gumâ with the motto Adams New York Gum No. 1 - Snapping and Stretching. In 1888, another Adams biting gum called Tutti-Frutti turned into the primary gum to be sold in aâ vending machine. The machines were situated in New York City metro stations and furthermore sold different assortments of Adams gum. Adams items end up being mainstream, considerably more so than the current gum items available, and he immediately overwhelmed his rivals. His organization appeared Black Jack (a licorice-seasoned gum) in 1884 and Chiclets (named after chicle) in 1899. Adams blended his organization with other gum producers from the United States and Canada in 1899 to frame the American Chicle Company, of which he was the primary director. Different organizations that converged into it included W.J. White and Son, Beeman Chemical Company, Kisme Gum, and S.T. Briton. The rising prominence of biting gum in the decades that followed drove researchers to grow new engineered adaptations; by the by, some good old chicle assortments are as yet made and sold today. Demise Adams in the end ventured down from his initiative situation at the American Chicle Company, however he stayed on the top managerial staff into his late 80s. He passed on February 7, 1905, in New York. Inheritance Adams was not the innovator of biting gum. By and by, his creation of a gadget for mass delivering biting gum, alongside his endeavors to advance it, brought forth the biting gum industry in the United States. One of his items Chiclets, first presented in 1900-is as yet sold the world over today. In 2018, biting gum deals totaled about $4 billion in the United States. The American Chicle Company was bought by a pharmaceutical organization in 1962. In 1997, the organization was renamed Adams to pay tribute to its originator; it is as of now possessed by the candy parlor combination Cadbury, which is situated in England. Sources Dulken, Stephen Van. American Inventions: a History of Curious, Extraordinary, and Just Plain Useful Patents. New York University Press, 2004.McCarthy, Meghan. Pop!: The Invention of Bubble Gum. Simon Schuster, 2010.Segrave, Kerry. Chewing Gum in America, 1850-1920: the Rise of an Industry. McFarland Co., 2015.

A Research of How health and safety affect employees productivity and Essay

A Research of How wellbeing and security influence workers efficiency and friends benefits in Koh Brothers Group - Essay Example Writing Review 4 2.1 Introduction to Literature Review 4 2.2 Importance of Health and Safety at Workplace 5 2.3 Health and Safety at Koh Brothers 6 3. Research Methodology 7 4. End 10 References 12 1. Presentation 1.1 Background of the Company Koh Brothers is a settled development, property improvement and pro designing supplier in Singapore. The organization was begun by Mr Koh Tiat Meng in the year 1966. They have different achievement extends under them, for example, flood lightening, tallying Rochor Canal and Kallang River to give some examples. The gathering has wide-going development administrations and 40 auxiliaries, joint endeavors and related organizations which are spread over Singapore, China, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. Aside from development, they have enhanced business in building materials, land, relaxation and cordiality. The organization has gotten A1 evaluating by Building and Construction Authority (BCA) which empowered them to embrace different structural de signing undertakings and building ventures throughout the years. Koh Brothers is as of now the most elevated evaluation for contractor’s enrollment in this classification. 1.2 Research title, Research Question, Research Objectives The report primarily centers into the wellbeing and security measures kept up by the organization and how it can influence an employee’s efficiency and friends benefits. ... Additionally, high number of mishaps and representative infection may result in company’s declining benefit. Along these lines, wellbeing and security guidelines ought to be improved and very much executed so as to increment company’s benefits and employee’s spirit in which lead to facilitate profitability. This can build organization benefits as it increment company’s notorieties according to speculators and partners. 2. Writing Review 2.1 Introduction to Literature Review Our focal point of study is to investigate the wellbeing and security guidelines kept up by Koh Brothers and how it has helped them to support the representative execution and furthermore support the organization benefits. As per EANPC â€Å"Productivity is an outflow of how productively and viably merchandise and ventures (for example products and enterprises which are requested by clients) are being delivered. In this way, its key attributes are that it is communicated in physical or financial units - in amounts or qualities (cash) - in light of estimations which are made at various levels: fair and square of the economy generally speaking, that of an area or part of the economy, that of the undertaking and its individual plants/units and that of individuals† (EANPC, 2005). Being a development organization, Koh Brothers put a great deal of weight on Human Resource. They accept that their kin are behind the accomplishment of their organization. Part of wellbeing and security measures are taken by them to guarantee their insurance and care. Their staff under-experience predictable updating course to ensure that they can build up their recently discovered aptitudes, decide new efficiencies for their expert turn of events, and accomplish better fulfillment in their work. 2.2 Importance of Health and Safety at Workplace Research has indicated that fulfilled and glad representatives

Essay Topics On Moby Dick

Essay Topics On Moby DickIf you have ever had to write a Moby Dick essay, then you are aware of how challenging and interesting this type of assignment can be. If you have a high school diploma or less, your opportunities for research are limited; however, when you have a greater background in writing, you may be able to write a Moby Dick essay based on your own research.In addition to the difficulty of some essay topics, there is also the possibility that you may not have taken a course on this topic prior to entering college. If this is the case, your first instinct may be to research the topic on your own. This type of essay, however, should not be done without the assistance of an instructor or guide.It is suggested that you use a textbook for this assignment; if you have not taken any classes on the subject, the oral exams could prove to be disappointing. The same goes for any assignments from a college level course. Your professor or guide should review the material that you ar e going to use and provide suggestions on how to approach the assignment. This is an important consideration before you begin the research and writing process.Many schools also suggest that you take part in the journal articles that focus on essay topics that may be unfamiliar to you. These include writings on Moby Dick, the Northern exploration, and other topics of interest. Taking part in these activities can help you familiarize yourself with the topic.Essay topics on Moby Dick require you to examine various aspects of the story and analyze it from different perspectives. This is something that will make the assignment easier for you as you gain familiarity with the facts. It is also a good idea to study specific passages of the novel as well.You should also be able to use a dictionary and reference works to make specific points. In addition, you should be able to discuss important details such as the length of the voyage, the presence of dogs and cats, and other aspects of the v oyage. Knowing these types of details can make the writing process more enjoyable for you and help you to avoid coming up with false claims.One of the best parts about essay topics like this is that you can use the information as a starting point for further research. This can include reading other books, engaging in discussions with other students, and even taking part in open forums such as message boards. These are all ways to bring information together into a cohesive whole.In addition to your course work, you may want to participate in outside activities such as the Student Resource Center. These types of activities will be a great way to keep yourself engaged with the subjects that you will be discussing. Doing so will ensure that you will be the best writer in your class.

A Brief Note On The Public Health Director - 1499 Words

HIA of Middleton, MA Introduction Middleton is a rural, 14 square mile, town located in the Essex County of Massachusetts. Its population is 8,987 people as of 2000; 18.6% of Middleton’s population is 60 and over. 54% of the land is forestry and wetlands. Only 18% is residential, 1% commercial, 1 public area, and the rest is mainly 3% cropland and 4% pasture. There are no public transportation or bike lanes within the town of Middleton. Team development Derek Fullerton, RS/REHS,CHO Director of Public Health healthdirector@townofmiddleton.org 978-777-1869 The public health director would be an excellent person to have on the committee team, because the director would know of current issues within the town that relate to public health. They would have the training on health impact assessments, and they would be able to consider both environmental and social determinant factors when discussing the public health for the town. Traci Mello, RN, BSN Public Health Nurse phn@townofmiddleton.org 978-777-1869 The public health nurse has the extra medical training and understanding of human health that would bring a more clinical aspect to the committee team. It makes sense to ask this person the chronic health issues and what choices would help improve the quality of life for the citizens. Mello worked on the â€Å"Hiking for Health History of Middleton† brochure that promoted hiking and walking to improve health. Susan J Gannon Executive Director of the Council of AgingShow MoreRelatedDefense Against Terrorism1661 Words   |  7 PagesIn the years following the September 11th terrorist attacks, homeland security has been at the forefront of American public policy. According to a January 2015 Pew Research poll, seventy-five percent of Americans believe that protecting the Homeland against terrorism should be the number one priority for policy makers (Pew Research Center 2015). These sentiments on homeland security are not novel to Americans. National Security has been of great concern to Americans since World War I (Reid 2015)Read MoreThe Strategic Plan For Stakeholders822 Words   |  4 Pagesdoomed. Effective communication is crucial to successful change. It occurs with the encoding of a message by the sender, a decoding by the receiver, and allows for feedback to clarify (Longest Darr, 2014, p.674). Ginter, Duncan, and Swayne (2013) note that all members need to be engaged for successful implementation of strategic management, meaning information should be disseminated using top down, bottom up, and horizontal methods (p. 389). This essay discusses the use of a structured process toRead MoreMental Health For The Mentally Ill999 Words   |  4 PagesMental Health Brief What’s the issue? The lack of mental health services available to the mentally-ill and the deinstitutionalization of mental health hospitals have created a public health concern. These issues along with failed continuum of care strategies and a lack of community mental health services are major contributing factors to homelessness. In addition, the strict guidelines for psychiatric hospitalization are critical when analyzing homelessness among the mentally-ill. In many cases,Read MoreThe Importance of Sit-Ins to the Black Civil Rights Movement Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pageswere able to bring to light the socio-economic inequalities they faced and forced the government and general public to do something about it. Sit-ins, one method of practicing civil disobedience, took root in the early 1960s and quickly became a popular and effective form of peaceful protest. James Baldwin makes a very brief note of sit-ins in his essay â€Å"Down at the Cross†. Its brief mention is probably due to th e time at which the essay was written, just before sit-ins became a national phenomenonRead MoreHealth information exchange Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Devry University Health Information Exchange 4/8/2013 Table of Contents Cover Page: Page 1 Table of contents: Page 2 Introduction of HIE: Page3 Outline US History of HIE: Page 4-5 Benefits of HIE: Page 5-6 Privacy and Security: Page 6-7 Challenges: Page 7-8 Conclusion: Page 8 Works Cited: Page 9 In 1990 Hartford Foundation funds, â€Å"Community Health Management Information Systems.† They gave grants to seven states and cities to develop those early prototype HIE’s. HIE focusesRead MorePublic Policy Is An Important Part Of Any Political Science Studies1652 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Policy is an important part of any political science studies. While when studying government, some issues may be boring or inapplicable the public policy process isn’t. The process brings about interest and controversy in most issues up for debate and this past semester has been no different. While many people might find the implementation of policy daunting I have gotten the opportunity to put the theories strategies of public policy to the test whether that be through TV shows (West WingRead MoreMy Policy Change Will Be The Florida State Board Of Nursing1544 Words   |  7 Pagespertains to the nursing, and overall healthcare is embedded into the board of nursing a nd that is why for these and other reasons which I will later discuss, I have chosen this organization. The Florida board of nursing plays an essential role in health care regulation as the board members and staff interact regularly with other nursing associations affiliated with state legislators, as well as the National Council of State Board of Nursing. The board of nursing works with law politicians to changeRead MoreGlobal Drug Policy1635 Words   |  7 PagesNarcotic Drugs: promoting the health and welfare of mankind (United Nations, 1961). The convention and global drug policy actors have asserted through the years that drugs pose a threat to this concern, and so an integrated effort to reduce supply, demand and trafficking of said narcotics is the desired course of action (High Level segment Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 2009). It seems that this course of action became an end of itself instead of a mean to an end of health and welfare, as mounting evidenceRead MoreAnimal T esting (Speech Outline)1200 Words   |  5 Pageseye lashes. br2. The womans eyes eventually burned, and later the woman became blind and eventually died. br3. Because of this incident, the Food and Drug Administration passed the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938 to protect the public from unsafe cosmetics and resorted to animals for testing dangerous cosmetics. br brD. Other deadly tests on animals that began to crop up included the Draize Test and another tested called LD50. br1. The Draize Test was named after the FederalRead MoreThe Health Care Industry Has Made Tangible Impacts Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesManaged care is simply a system that delivers health care to a specific population purchased though health insurance plans. It is an approach to financing and delivering health care that seeks to control costs and ensure or improve quality of care through a variety of methods, including provider network management, utilization management, and quality assurance . Patients agree to visit only certain doctors and hospitals, which a managing company monitors the cost of the treatment. Managed care has

Studying Eras through Art and Architecture - 2397 Words

By studying particular art works or architectural works we are introduced into the history of that specific era, and how the Church played a part in people’s lives. We are able to see this in a work by Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone, also known as Masaccio called The Holy Trinity which was created during the Renaissance period. Masaccio’s childhood, adolescent and adult years had a major influence on his art, and he also ultimately tried to convert people that had lost faith in the Church during the catastrophes such as the 14th century crisis that occurred prior to Masaccio’s birth (Thesis). Masaccio’s childhood and teenage years had a very big impact on how he viewed the world and the church. Masaccio was born on December 21, 1401 in San Giovanni Valdarno, Italy but actually grew up in Florence, Italy. Masaccio’s father was a notary (a lawyer), and this was ironic because his father was a man of legal work whereas his son would grow up and become a very talented artist. His father died when Masaccio was only five years old. Later that year his brother, Giovanni was also born, and he eventually grew up to be a painter like his brother. When Masaccio was about 20 years old his family moved to Florence, and his mother remarried an aristocrat after the death of her husband in 1406. In Florence, Masaccio was able to do what he loved which was painting. Masaccio was often seen as strange, awkward and stupid because he wasn’t interested in fashion; politics, people, orShow MoreRelatedGreek And Roman Ideas778 Words   |  4 Pages Greek and Roman Ideals When considering the ancient Greek and Roman ideals you can see the distinct similarities in their art, government, monotheism, and architecture. The Romans duplicated many of the Greek styles and modified them to suit their lifestyles. Greece and Rome influences can be seen in art today with the use of concepts, techniques, and styles that were founded by the Greek classical ideal. These include techniques for carving sculptures and the construction of massive metropolitanRead MoreMedieval And Millennial - A Pilgrimage Of Meaning1386 Words   |  6 Pagespagan tribes to Christianity. Europe needed a revival in his eyes and so he set out to promote education and literacy. Charlemagne’s empire created religious unity throughout Europe through architecture, music, and literature which brought meaning to his life; today people bring similar meaning to their lives thought the arts they encounter. On December 25th in the year 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne the emperor of the Franks, leading to his Carolingian empire influence and creating the Holy RomanRead MoreThe Development Of Gothic Architecture1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe Development of Gothic Architecture To describe the development of Gothic Architecture, you must first know what the Gothic Period is. The Gothic Period is described as the time between Romanesque and Renaissance periods. This ranges from the end of the 6th well into the 16th century in European countries. This was a revival of art and architecture during the period which erected many monumental structures that still stand. Gothic architecture was most common in France, England, Germany, PolandRead MoreExamples Of Art And Renaissance Art1115 Words   |  5 PagesArt can be classified into different eras by their similar and distinguishing subjects and methods. They show the progression and timeline for different standards of art and the point of views and values for the people of the time. For example, the Renaissance art period, was an art period in which religious authority figures sought to beautify their cities and palaces with artworks detailing religious themes. Renaissance art was also commissioned by wealthy b ankers, and churches. What is usuallyRead MoreClassical Ideals : Ancient Athens1589 Words   |  7 Pagesperfection with every detail in their lives; from the art, architecture, philosophy, they wanted nothing less than perfect. This high standard of perfection is known as the classical ideal. The ancient Athens’s society was based solely on high standards of living. The classical ideal was expressed in many ways in the Athens culture. Philosophy and religion helped paved the mind with perfect thoughts (Sayre). By just glancing at the beautiful art and sculptures of the Athens, you can tell how much thoughtRead MoreThe Transition Of Art, Music, And Literature From The Gothic Age Through The Renaissance1261 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Discuss the art, architecture, music, or literature from the Gothic age through the Renaissance. Talk about the development of art, architecture, music, or literature during this period, the significant issues, technologies, or styles, and some of the cultural or social influences. Finally, list at least six individuals and their work that provides examples from your discussion.† Comprehensive Essay The transition of art (incorporating the art spanning from paintings and architecture) from the GothicRead MoreThe Transition Of Art, Music, And Literature From The Gothic Age Through The Renaissance1261 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Discuss the art, architecture, music, or literature from the Gothic age through the Renaissance. Talk about the development of art, architecture, music, or literature during this period, the significant issues, technologies, or styles, and some of the cultural or social influences. Finally, list at least six individuals and their work that provides examples from your discussion.† Comprehensive Essay The transition of art (incorporating the art spanning from paintings and architecture) from the GothicRead MoreAn Architect, Former U.s. President Of The National Architecture Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesAs an architect, former U.S. president Thomas Jefferson came up with architectural designs that came to define and influence American architecture and culture in general. This form of Neo-Palladianism and Neo-classism architecture came to be known as Jeffersonian architecture. Some of his notable structures include Monticello (his home), Poplar Forest which was his retreat, the University of Virginia which he founded as well as other homes which he designed for his political allies and friends, aRead MorePeculiar Circumstances During the Baroque Era771 Words   |  3 PagesOne of the most important eras in the history of classical music, was undoubtedly the Baroque Era. This period lasted from 1650 to 1750, and largely stemmed from the musical innovations of both Italy and Germ any. Through this era, the arrangements such as the concerto and the sonata were produced, as well as mastery of the organ and other instruments. Two of perhaps the most influential artists of this era were Arcangelo Corelli and George Fridric Handel. Before discussing the styles and techniquesRead MoreThe Renaissance : A Rebirth Of The Ideas Of Ancient Greece923 Words   |  4 Pagesserved as the evolutionary bridge between the Middle Ages and the 17th century through art, education, and religion by bringing a rebirth of the ancient Greek and Roman classics that would later define the world’s culture, while continuing the underlying beliefs of Medieval Times. Art during The Renaissance brought about a style of realism that led into the portrayal of perfection and movement associated with the Baroque art of the 17th century while continuing the undertones of religion affiliated

Personal Narrative My Sister, Kampbell - 1819 Words

Back in 2012 my sister, Kampbell, decided that she had an interest in gymnastics. My parents, being the loving people they are to her, let her join Kids In Motion, a gymnastics facility in Washington, Missouri. She had a lot of fun with it and has actually got really good. She goes to practice three times a week and has had multiple competitions all around Missouri and I go to most of them. Gymnastics is not the only sport that she plays, she plays volleyball, gymnastics, and she also wants to join cheer when she gets to high school. Currently, she goes to St. George Catholic School and is in eighth grade. Over last summer the national gymnastic competition was in Kingsport, Tennessee, which is the closest to us that it has been in a long†¦show more content†¦Each week we were getting more and more anxious to go. All of a sudden it was time to pack because it was the day before. That morning, I went to weights, when I came back and showered, we were in the car and we left. B efore we got out of town we had to stop at BP, in Hermann, and get something to drink. After a while on Interstate 70, we decided to stop and get something to eat at Chick-fil-A in Warrenton, MO. Once we hit the road again, we didn’t see much, but I will never forget when we crossed the Stan Musial Veterans Memorial Bridge, over the Mississippi River, into Illinois because it was the first time we have ever driven a car over the Mississippi River. About the time when we got to Mt Vernon, Illinois, I asked my mom if we could go to the Louisville Bats game, they are the AAA team for the Cincinnati Reds, they were playing the Columbus Clippers, AAA team of the Cleveland Indians. It started at seven, and it would be something to do because I really wanted to do something. After a little convincing, she said yes, so I started looking for tickets, they were only thirteen dollars! When we bought them, we must have been in a bad cellular signal zone because something happened and it didn’t work, we did not know until we got there. When we got there we went to the box office, got three tickets, then we got some food and sat down in our seats, about thirteen rows back from home plate. The stadium was beautiful, they had a

E-Banking in Bangladesh the Future of Banking free essay sample

E-banking is a form of banking where funds are transferred through an exchange of electronic signals between financial institution, rather than exchange of cash, cheeks or other negotiable instruments. With the expansion of global Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure and the internet, e-banking is set to play a pivotal role in the national economy, proper software, infrastructure, cyber low and skilled manpower are important for the implementation of e-banking in the country. This paper overview the issues associated with e-banking and try to explore the future challenges and prospect in Bangladesh. Key Words: ATM, SMS banking, EFT, SWIFT channel, POS, Call center, DES, RSA, MAC. Introduction: In a constantly changing world of today, where past is replaced by dynamic present and the dynamic present is being replaced by more challenging future, the old ways of doing things is no longer valid. Change is permanent and a reality. Those who are not able to keep pace with the changes are destined to loose the race. Science and technology is changing the way financial institutions perform their transactions. Today’s banks are shaking by these technological changes. Life has never been so easy, comfortable, and luxurious. Science and technology have brought our life to this stage. But a new technology brings with it not only the potential for success but also a never-ending series of questions regarding its design, its value to its users, ultimate use and acceptability. Assistant Professor, School of Business Studies, State University of Bangladesh 1 E-banking is a form of banking where funds are transferred through an exchange of electronic signal between financial institutions, rather than exchange of cash, checks, or other negotiable instruments. For many consumers, electronic banking means 24 hours access to cash through an ATM or direct deposit of paychecks in to checking and savings accounts. Literature Review With the extensive technology innovation and telecommunication, we have seen new financial distribution channels increasing rapidly both in the numbers and form, from ATMs, telephone banking, PC banking to internet banking. (Earring Wood and Story, 1996). Developing alternative distribution channels is not only important in terms of reducing costs and improving competitiveness, but also in terms of financial institution’s ability to retain the existing customer case. (Kimball and Gregor, 1995) as well as to attract new customers. Sathye (1999) proposed a model for Internet Banking in Australia is significantly influenced by variables of system insecurity, case of use awareness of service and its benefits, reasonable price, availability of infrastructure and resistance to change. The transformation from traditional brick-and-mortar banking to E-Banking has been Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) and thus the retail banking industry witnessed significant and extensive change. Formally, E-banking comprises various formats or technologies, including telephone (both land line and cell phone banking, direct bill payment (EFT), and PC or internet banking (Power, 2000). Weitzman, (2000), Lassar, Manolits and Lassar, (2005), Ehou and Chou (2000) identified five basic services associated with online banking: view account balances, and transaction histories, paying bills, transferring funds between accounts, requesting credit card advance, and ordering checks. Majority of banks of banks is planning to introduce ICT for integration of banking service and new finance service, which will play a vital role in bringing efficiency in financial sector (Raihan, 2001). The most commonly factors are ease of use, transaction security, convenience and speediness (Wan, Luk and Chow, 2005). Organization theorists and practioners have defined e-banking in various ways. A Survey of Electronic Banking, Electronic Cash and Internet Gaming (2003), has defined electronic banking as â€Å"an umbrella term for the process by which a customer may perform banking transactions electronically without visiting a brick and mortar institution†. The following terms all refer to one form or another of electronic banking: personal banking,(pc) virtual banking, on line banking, home Banking, remote electronic banking, and phone banking are the most frequently used designations, (Joris, Claessens, Valentine Dem et. l,2001),on line electronic banking system give every body the opportunity for easy access to their banking activities. These banking activities may include; retrieving an account balance, money transfers 2 (Between a user’s accounts, from user’s account to someone else’s account) retrieving an accounting history. Some banks also allow services such as stock market transactions, and the submission of standardized accounting payment files for bank transfer, to third parties, As technology evolves, different kinds of electronic banking system emerge, each bringing a new dimension to the interaction between user and bank. The ATM is the first well-known system that was introduced to facilitate the access of the user to his banking activities, (M. Rahman, 2003), E-banking is a form of banking where funds are transferred through an exchange of electronic signals between financial institution, rather than exchange of cash, checks or other negotiable instruments common wealth bank of Australia, (2006) defined E- banking as â€Å"a range of banking services that utilizes electronic equipment†. Electronic equipments are ATM machine card (plastic), PIN, password, code or net code etc. With the extensive technology innovation and telecommunication. We have seen new financial distribution channels increasing rapidly both in the numbers and form, from ATM’s, telephone banking, PC banking to internet banking. A broad range of financial distribution channels must be available to deliver varying services needs of customers segments (Earring wood and story, 1996). Developing alternative distribution channels is not only important in terms of reducing costs and improving competitiveness but also in terms of a financial institution’s bility to retain the existing customer case (Kimball and Gregor, 1995) as well as to future attract new customers. While the trend within the banking industry is to replace human tellers with self-service distribution channel’s. the strength of customer intentions for usage of human tellers within the next two years support the concept that the branch will still play an instrumental rate in the delivery of services to cust omers in the future. (Greenland,1995; Woodruff, 19*95; Thornton and White, 2000). Sathye (1999) proposed a model for Internet Banking Adoption, which argued that the Intention of Internet Banking in Australia is significantly influenced by variables of system insecurity, case of use awareness of service and its benefits, reasonable price, availability of infrastructure and resistance to charge. The Willis Report (1997 in Sathye, 1999) Stated that the technology must be reasonably priced relative to alternatives for customers to adopt. Otherwise the acceptance of the new technology may not be viable from customer’s stand point. Customers today are more conscious of the expenses associated with the banking as they are generally better informed about alternative option. The total costs incurred in using Internet Banking must be minimal or competitive (Joyawardhena and foley, 2000). Howard and Moore (1982) reported that consumers must be aware of the new brand before adoption. Therefore it is important factor that the boxes have to create awareness on internet banking to the consumers. Adoption means acceptance and continued use of a 3 product, service and idea. Customers go through a process of knowledge, persuasion, decision and confirmation before they adopt the product or services. Offer the internet banking; the greater the awareness level among customers and therefore the higher will be internet banking adoption. Besides awareness, the service provided by the banks should be perceived to be innovative with high quality and user friendliness to meet an individual’s expectation. Cooper (1997) reported that case of use of innovation product or service as one of the three important characteristics for adoption from the customer’s perspective. This is related to user friendliness and ease of navigation as well as simple institutions to use the service. E-banking is the waves of the future. It provides enormous benefits to consumers in terms of case and cost of transactions, either through internet, telephone or other electronic delivery channels (Nsouli and Schaechter, 2002) E-banking development would lead to two classes of surviving banks, which are very large banks and small niche ones (Dewan and Seismanm, 2002). Through the E-banking, smaller banks could compete by offering portals to the services offered by larger banks (Holland and Westwood, 2001) with this development, banks could use E-banking to focus an customer need in order to gain the strongest competitive advantage (Wind, 2001). The transformation from traditional brick-and-mortar banking to E-banking has been automatic teller machine (ATM) has the retail banking industry witnessed such significant and extensive change. Formally, E-banking comprises varies formats or technologies, including telephone (both landline and cell phone banking, direct bill payment (EFT), and PC or internet banking (Power, 2000); Weitzman, 2000; Lassar, Manolits and Lassar, (2005), Ehou and Chou (2000) identified five basic services associated with online banking: view account balances, and transaction histories; paying bills, transferring funds between accounts; requesting credit card advanced; and ordering checks. Majority of banks is planning to introduce ICT for integration of banking service and new finance service, which will play a vital role in bragging efficiency in the financial sector (Raihan, 2001). The most commonly factors are ease of use, transaction security, convenience and speediness (Wan, Luk and Chow, 2005). ICT networking has offered a wide range of delivering channel’s in retail banking. Banking institutions need to exploit opportunities that arise from these development and changes to remain competitive. The successful financial institutions in the future will be those that are able to leverage most from the information and communication technology revolution. Increasingly consumers are also demanding more efficient banking services are becoming more discrediting of the power that the technology brings. The winners will be those financial institutions that are able to harness on the Capability of ICT in making strategies decisions in terms of inability leader alignment of business, enhancing 4 organizational capacity and capability, risk management and building better customer relationships CC the rapid pace of advancement. A survey of electronic cash, electronic banking and internet gaming (2002) reported that the term electronic cash, e-cash or e-money refer to electronic payment schemes that enable consumer to store and redeem financial value. They operate via stored electronic units of value. Paid for in advance by conventional money and representing equivalent units in real currency, these funds can be transferred between vendors and individuals using compatible electronic system, in some cases consumers report to banks or other financial intimidators. E-cash (e-money) comes in two forms: smart card e-cash and computer e-cash Major Research Questions Q1. What is the present (April, 2009) status of e-banking in Bangladesh? Q2. What are various forms of E-banking available in Bangladesh? Q3. What are the differences between e-commerce and e-banking? Q4. What are the operational issues of E-banking in Bangladesh? Q5. How much secure is the E-banking in Bangladesh? Q6. Where is E-banking going in Bangladesh? Objectives of the Study The following are the major objectives of this study: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) To examine the present (April, 2009) status of E-banking in Bangladesh. To identify various forms of E-banking available in Bangladesh. To trace out similarities and differences between E-commerce and E-banking. To examine the three factor authentication for E-banking in Bangladesh. To provide guidelines how can we assure the highest standards of security to combine with maximum flexibility? To identify the future challenges posed by the E-banking in Bangladesh. A few recommendations on the policy issues regarding E-banking in Bangladesh. Methodology of the Study Both primary and secondary data collection methods are applied for this study purpose. I have collected data through check list, interview with the head of IT and from some published sources. This research is basically exploratory and descriptive in nature. Limitations of the study 5 a) b) c) d) We have not focused on various modes of E-banking. We have not made comparison with banking practice around the world. We have not provided insight for security in e-banking system. We have not focused on the critical issues on security in e-banking. What is E-Banking? The following chart exhibits the definition of E-Banking. E-Commerce E-Finance E-Money E-Banking ATM Services Any branch banking Internet Banking Virtual Banking SMS banking Wireless Application Protocols Telephone Banking Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) SWIFT Channel Other electronic delivery channels Other on line Financial Services and Products E-Commerce: The Phenomenon of Electronic Commerce has permeated into every aspect of our life today. Electronic Commerce has been around for the last two decades in some form or the other, but the new force that is driving Electronic Commerce is the Internet, which is revolutionizing the way companies around the globe conduct business. Internet based electronic commerce is playing a critical role in addressing strategic, mission critical business needs of the companies and hence the companies are making it an integral part of their business strategies. 6 Globally, according to a survey conducted by IDC, currently the electronic commerce over the Internet is some $26 billion, while it is expected to reach about $1. 5 trillion by 2008-09. These mind boggling, figures are sufficient for any sane individual, even vaguely connected to industry, trade or commerce, to understand the potentially radical influence that E-commerce is having on human society. All this is due to the Internet, a simple network of networks of computers across the globe, linked through various means: cable, satellite, telephone lines etc. based on the TCP/IP protocol. This network has not only altered the way we conduct trade and commerce, but also fundamentally altered the way we communicate, the way we live and to some extent, the way we think. Simply, E-commerce is buying and selling on electronic networks, predominantly the Internet. This could involve trade of tangible goods/services similar to traditional commerce, or intangible items like music, information and involving digital transfer etc. The World Trade Organization (WTO) distinguishes six main instruments of electronic commerce: The Telephone, the fax, the television, Electronic payment and money transfer systems, Electronic Data Interchange, and The Internet. Though the telephone, fax, TV and EDI have been in existence for some time, but when people talk of E-commerce, they usually refer to Internet Business, wherein goods or services are traded on the net. Fundamentally, there are two types of electronic commerce – 1. Business to Business electronic commerce (B2B), and 2. Business to Consumer electronic commerce (B2C) B2B E-commerce is today about 80% of total E-commerce in the world, due to its advantages like: reduced transaction costs, improved product quality , improved service, minimal investment for global reach, reduced inventory costs etc. B2C or retail E-commerce is nowhere near B2B in terms of size but it is growing phenomenally as far as volumes are concerned. More and more people are taking to shopping on the Internet due to the following factors: Convenience, More choice, more range, Better prices, etc. DRIVERS OF E-COMMERCE The following broad themes have been identified as the driving forces for the phenomenal growth of E-commerce globally: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) Electronic Commerce is easy and affordable Electronic Commerce transforms the market place Electronic Commerce has a catalytic effect Enhanced customer service Electronic commerce over the Internet vastly increases interactivity in the economy Openness is the underlying technical and philosophical tenet of the expansion of Ecommerce 7 (vii) Electronic commerce alters the relative importance of time E-Money E-money includes electronic debit and credit system, smart card. The smart card has been defined many ways, but is generally defined as â€Å"portable data storage device with intelligence (chip memory) and provision for identity and security. † In their simplest forms, these cards are small microcomputers—lacking only external power supply, displays, and keyboards. One of the most widely tested stored value cards offered by Mondex, has an electric wallet, available as an optional accessory, with both of these peripheral devices. The microprocessor chip in a stored –value card is specialized and custom-designed, generally with specific patented control and production circuits. Certain data, primarily related to the security of the card, can be entered only at the time of manufacture. In addition to a microprocessor each card generally has several kilobytes of permanent memory, both rewritable and non-rewriteable. A new technology brings with it not only the potential for success. But also a neverending series of questions regarding its design, its value to the user, its ultimate use and acceptability. In this paper the term smart cards, stored-value cards and electronic money will be used to denote money in the form of â€Å"value†, whether it is issued in card-based or network-based form. Although there are technical differences the term â€Å"smart card† is generally used interchangeably with stored-value card. There are many questions regarding these new payments devices that need to be answered by the designers, issuers, and regulators of these devices. This innovation has the potential of changing the retail payments arena in a way that has not happened since the advent of the credit card. But at this time it is only potential. Although there has been significant effort made to eliminate paper-based payment transactions, the basic way of handling payments by consumers has not changed. Storedvalue cards may help to make the transition from paper-based payments to electronicallybased payments more likely as these cards incorporate familiar aspects of using money in a way that could prove to be both convenient and acceptable to the public. As money technology has evolved, methods of payment have also changed, but cash still often remains a preferred method of payment by many people. Over the past few decades various media and industry experts have predicted the demise of cash and the advent of 8 the â€Å"cashless† society. However, recent survey results showed that the preferred form of payments by consumers and merchants was still cash. Table 1 presents the results of that survey Preferred Forms of Payments By Consumers Cash 3rd Party Credit Cards (i. e. , Visa) Check Store Credit Cards Debit Cards Others 54. 2% 38. 5% 23. 4% 6. 5% 1. 0% 1. 1% *Percentages will not add to 100%, due to format of questions asked. Table-1: World-wide Preferred forms of Payments The survey, conducted by Ernst Young, showed also that 58% of retailers had a preference for cash transactions. The evidence from this survey is noteworthy, as it is easy to see the vast market potential for a product such as the smart card that is designed to be a replacement primarily for cash transactions. The number of cash purchases far exceeded any other payment method, although their value accounts for less than 20 percent of the value of total consumer transactions on a monthly basis.

Truth about online custom writings Essay Example

Truth about online custom writings Paper The paper writing expresses the authors own opinion on a particular question or issue, without claiming to be fully interpreted, is consider as professional assignment writing. Such high quality papers are somewhere between a scientific article and a small essay-opinion. It does not require such strict narrative as a report. The manner of presentation of such essay writing occupies an average place between the scientific and journalistic style. During academic writing, you can insert citations into the text, but their volume should not exceed 1/3 of the volume of the text of the whole work. This means that professional writing involves working with literature and getting to know different opinions on the topic under consideration. In the other case you can just use custom writing services. They are ready and willing for college and university students whenever you need and whether you need. Writing essays term papers require some skill and inspiration. Writers and editors of essay writing industry will help you complete and cope with this task. It’s easy to order plagiarism free paper writing, just place order, fill out the application form and you will get the quality written essays done on the topic you need. Custom writing service can offer you the best value for money in the market. You can order custom essay writing online, and essay writers will follow your instructions. Scientific articles, electronic versions of books, legislative acts, information from electronic dictionaries (for example Wikipedia) are not considered as plagiarism. All writers check an essay for plagiarism free online on our website before submitting it to you and conform to the standard of our site. Works containing quotes from laws and regulations may have a lower percentage. The procedure of ordering the paper Click on the button Order essay on the main page of the site of writing company. Leave your contact details to make us contact you: enter your name or nickname; carefully check your email, as you will receive important notifications on it. For example, with information about the exact cost of online writing, or a notice of the readiness of your order. If nothing arrives, check the spam folder. specify your phone. The field is optional, but this information will allow you to receive notifications about your written papers faster. specify the password that will be used to access the private cabinet. tick if you want to receive information about new discounts. ALWAYS read the terms of cooperation and tick. Fill out the information about your papers research. Remember, more information you give, better freelance writers will be able to produce paper. Do not be lazy and write all the requirements about term paper and attach methodological materials. Wait till operator will process your order. When your order will be ready, you will be able to download it for review. Now contribute the money for superior quality work. We will write a custom essay sample on Truth about online custom writings specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Truth about online custom writings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Truth about online custom writings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Writing services provide a wide range of cheap custom services in the field of student writing. They perform term papers, diplomas, abstracts, essays, research papers, all kind of custom writing from humanitarian to technical disciplines. Writing companies have combined professional writers in various fields. They understand the importance of quality for our customers, so they strive to provide the highest quality of services. Writing websites want the student to get custom writing with a minimum number of corrections and modifications, and to be evaluated for the highest grade. What do writing services guarantee and for what prices? The ability to communicate via the Internet makes the company and customers closer. You don’t have to limit yourself to services that are near your home, you can order a service anywhere in the world. It became easy to find the best option for price and quality, not bothering with territorial problems. Writing companies carries out their activities officially in accordance with the procedure established by law. The main activity is the provision of information services. They check each customs writing for compliance with the primary requirements for registration, compliance with the topic, the content. All works are tested in the system of Antiplagiat. They do not allow plagiarism. All modifications are free of charge. They are responsible for the quality of the custom writing, its individuality, but not for surrendering it to the teacher. We recommend you not only to read the material provided, but also thoroughly delve into its essence in order to be ready to answer the questions of your teacher. You are responsible for providing information about your order. Be careful, indicate the full requirements for work (plan, structure, bibliography, etc.), according to which we will carry out your order. They are not responsible for your relationship with the teacher in the event of a prejudiced attitude on his part or unreasonable refusal to accept the work. They strongly recommend you to read the work before the protection for 2-3 times. You also need to show your work to your supervisor, as it often happens that the teacher has his own vision of a topic that requires some adjustments to the work. They strive to fulfill orders of our customers as quickly as possible. In this case, the quality never sacrifices of the speed of work. They care about their reputation. Most of new customers are people who use services on the recommendation of people who have already become their customers. To order the work, you need to register on our essay writing service. Registration will take no more than one minute, but in return, you will get a convenient app for monitoring your orders, communicating with the manager/author from english speaking countries. You can pay for the written paper online on our website (in your personal account), through the bank payment terminal or online transfer to our bank card. First of all, the cost depends on the complexity and type of custome writing. The period of performance of assignment writing is significantly affected: the smaller the period, the higher the cost of term papers. The amount of high quality essays writing is also important.

Implementation of Electronic Medical Records

Implementation of Electronic Medical Records Introduction Information technology has recently become one of the most reliable technologies in efficient service delivery. Implementation of the system within health sector is viewed as a move in reducing medical errors, hence promoting patient safety as well as reducing costs. However, implementation of the new models requires variety of measurable elements capable of creating an impact on patient safety initiatives (Borkowski, 2009). Proposal on Implementation of EMR Electronic Medical Records are associated with many functions within the health care system. Patient health records contain important information, such as patient health care, financial breakdown, legal information as well as detailed research and quality improvement cases. Such information is always necessary within the medical field, hence it needs to be shared amongst many professional medics within the health care field. Such demand makes it a little cumbersome to use paper health records calling for the development of an automated health recording system. Electronic Medical Record will provide chances for improving quality of care and patient safety within health organizations. The system will help in providing solution to the challenge of dealing with integrated healthcare delivery by providing detailed, reliable and accessible timely information on patient health status across the medical field whether in primary or secondary health care. The EMR will reduce the costs on keeping paper records as well as decreasing inefficiencies within health care sector. The EMR has got increased storage capabilities enabling data to be stored from any region and for longer periods of time, enabling instant retrieval of information to many people even in remote sites (Young, 200, p 99). The idea on fragmentation of clinical records posed by paper records will be minimized hence reducing costs, which could have been otherwise incurred on current and future patient care (Schloeffel, 2001, p 1). The built-in intelligence capabilities of the EMR system will assist in recognizing abnormal laboratory results. The system provides efficient access to protocols, care plans, critical paths and other databases on healthcare knowledge such as pharmaceutical information (Borkowski, 2009). Start-up costs might be of disadvantage to many since it can be excessive at times. Allocation of capital to information system provides added costs on health care expenditure. Another disadvantage is that it requires substantial technical knowledge for the system to be used efficiently. This calls for all the physicians and clinicians to have prior knowledge on the system operation for purposes of realizing benefits of interactive on-line decision support (Borkowski, 2009). Proposal on Implementation of CPOE Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) presents one of the point-of-care products which will help in playing the key role in dealing with the cases concerning patient safety objectives. The system involves electronic communication of orders as well as detailed protocol for checking against drug references and other medical information. CPOE is physician-focused and will help in the issues of developing fewer medication transcription as well as order errors. The tool will help most physicians in selecting correct medication and therapies for each patient. The equipment’s ability to customize ordering processes will assist in easy identification of physician needs and most importantly allow for prevention of problem occurrence by counter checking errors before completion of any order. The tracking system involved in this technology will help clinicians and physicians to evaluate their actions and compare to those of their peers in addition to comparing treatment recommendations within the given standards and guidelines (Borkowski, 2009). However, the CPOE may not be effective on its own until it is integrated together with other crucial clinical information systems. Another disadvantage is that there is still possibility of incurring errors within the system owing to the natural assumption that computers are always right. There are also multiple steps involved in operating multiple screens required for completion of order signing. This proves to be time-consuming when used by many people is at the same time. Frequent computer access might not be possible, especially in cases where only few computer stations are available in spite of many users (Borkowski, 2009). Changes within organizations normally occur either as planned or unplanned. Planned changes are known to arise from either single or series of changes linked to organization goals and objectives. While unplanned changes normally arise as a result of the unexpected uncertainties within the organization. Various changes are required for the purposes of incorporating the modern computerized equipment with the work environment. The change undergoes three environmental stages including; societal environment, task environment then finally internal environment. Within the societal environment, EMR technology will have to be approved by the legal authorities within the government by looking at its technological and economical impacts within the health sector (Borkowski, 2009). Technologically the equipment has the capability of speeding up the recording on individual health matters as well as ability to store large amount of data and sharing it over wide area within the shortest time possible. It saves on costs since it makes health records available within reach of medical practitioners and patients. The socio-cultural forces which tend to oppose the nature of the records in exposing patients medical records to the public would be dealt with by promising confidentiality to the patients’ medical information through the use of specified passwords. Only the patients and trusted medics would be allowed to use the specified password whenever they want to access the patient’s medical information for the purposes of further treatment. Legal acts like the HIPAA would be enforced to ensure that tough measures, including fines are imposed on those trying to misuse individual’s medical records discriminatorily. In some places, employers use medical records to discriminate individuals on employment opportunities (Borkowski, 2009). The task environment includes several players such as employees, special interest groups, competitors, customers amongst others. Dealing with competitors will call for marketing the superior abilities and qualities of the technology. Employees would be placed on thorough training on how to use the equipment confidentially without loosing on the confidence of the patients concerning their medical records. Suppliers would be endowed with the task of working with computer specialists for the purposes of EMR installations. Internal forces related to the structures, processes as well as resources within the organizations which at times lead to low profit margins could be addressed by ensuring the efficiency of the equipment through delivery. This could save on costs required for the storage of large amount of documents; the technology would as well confine all medical data to one source making it easier for services to be delivered without fragmented processes (Borkowski, 2009). Some of the challenges involved include such cases as lack of autonomy, especially in the process when patient’s data is shared amongst health care providers without informing the patient. The exposure of patient’s data does not guarantee fidelity in any way since it can be stolen by unknown parties. This could easily lead to compromised treatment within the society since patients may be overwhelmed by fear of exposure. Conflicts arise within the medical ethical principles concerning safety of patient health records. There is a breach on confidentiality and right to privacy on the side of the patients. Hence patients can easily be discriminated within the market place as mentioned earlier in the article (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1998). Computer-based Electronic Health Records presents one of the technological advances within health care system. Such technology is of great benefit in health sector since it has helped in improving the level of access and quality at affordable costs. On the same note, computerized system will help in providing accurate information on billing hence allowing medics to forward any payment claims electronically. This would ensure timely and efficient payment to health care providers. It would save the patient hectic time, which might arise in providing information over and over whenever they seek medical attention (Lohr, 2007). The use of computerized medical systems enables improvement on the quality of care provided and also guarantees reduction in medical errors. There is improvement in the level of efficiency and reduction in medical costs since the methods enable easy coordination between health care providers on patient’s care. The system would enable smooth transfer of information, eliminating the possibilities which had earlier been experienced in duplication of health information by the third parties (Hartzband and Groopman, 2008). References Borkowski, Nancy. (2009). Organizational Behavior, Theory, and Design in Health Care. NY: Jones Bartlett Ppublishers. Hartzband, P. Groopman, J. (2008). Avoiding the Pitfalls of Going Electronic? New England Journal of Medicine, (358), 1656-1658. Lohr, S. (2007, June 11). Risks and Rewards; Who Pays for Efficiency. New York Times. Web. Schloeffel, P. (2001). Background and Overview of the Good Electronic Health Record. Retrieved from gehr.org/ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1998). Security and Electronic Signature Standards; Proposed Rule. The Federal Register, 45 (142). Young, K. M. (2000). Informatics for Healthcare Professionals. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.

Constitutional Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Constitutional Law - Essay Example In such a way, the power of government officials to harass and/or infringe upon what the founders saw as the â€Å"fundamental† and â€Å"innate† rights of mankind is severely restricted. Firstly, it must be understood that regardless of what type of economic situation the given country ascribes to, and even regardless of the particular political situation that may exist within its boundaries, the restriction of government from being able to stop and search an individual without any type of probable cause or warrant violates the very most basic forms of human rights and democratic ideals by which a free and open society is ultimately founded upon (Cady, 2012). Taking this example and present era, or the recent past, it can easily be determined that the fourth amendment the United States Constitution provides a level of protection of the individual, is/her papers, and personal effects, that many nations have not traditionally respected (Leong, 2012). Yet another reason w hy the fourth amendment to the United States Constitution can and should be considered as the most important is with respect to the fact that the prior amendments, and subsequent amendments for that matter, would make little if any sense if there was not a level of guaranteed protection for the personal facts, documents, and persons that were subject to search. What is meant by this is that the freedom of expression would necessarily be negated if any and all individuals that expressed an alternate view to whatever political party or power was in control at that time were summarily searched and harassed, the entire fabric an understanding of why the freedom of speech was important and should be appreciated would necessarily evaporate (Harr, 2012). Similarly, the right to own and bear arms would have little if any merit if any and all non-owners worsen merely harassed and searched by law enforcement officials at each and every juncture. The same can of course be applied with regards to the rights of African-Americans or women to vote, the same could be applied with regards to freedom of assembly and/or freedom of religion. In fact, each and every amendment the United States Constitution is predicated upon the belief that the United States government will not retaliate against a specific group of individuals for exercise of their rights (Robinson, 2004). By constraining the level and degree to which government and/or law enforcement officials can target and search specific subsets of individuals, this particular amendment provides a very broad level of freedom with respect to the fabric and foundations of the Republic. Finally, the fourth amendment is one of the few amendments to the United States Constitution that specifies a particular course of judicial action with regards to the way in which the rights and law of the United States must integrate with one another. Although it is true that the other amendments make necessary reference to the means by which law is utilized to protect these rights, the fourth amendment is unique due to the fact that it specifically delineates the means by which searches and seizures must take place in order to ascribe by the very laws that have been discussed and applied (Richardson, 2012). Although it is not the intention of this analysis to set the United States apart as the best country on Earth or seek to define it in glowing

EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE - Research Paper Example As such, this study aims at reviewing the available literature with regard to VAP bundle; describe the risk factors and etiology and explain the bundled practices; discuss the framework that would promote knowledge translation of VAPBs to clinical set-up; and finally identify the areas needing further research and how this could be use to curb VAP incidence. Despite the paper having the limitation of unclear data collection process, its strength in diversity, thus reliability comes out in the use of inclusion criteria to source data from various search engines – Cochrane Collaboration, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE - giving a sample of six peer-reviewed studies published between 1997 and 2007. Each of these studies examined the bundled practices. The findings of the study indicate that the bundled VAP, VAPB practices reduce the rates of VAP. In addition, the practice reduces mortality rates, the length of stay under intensive care and the ventilator days. There was also an indication of increased compliance among clinicians with regard to VAPB protocols as the VAP rates decrease. Even though the study suffered unclear methodology, it provides useful insights on care for patients with respiratory complications. In this study, McCarthy, Santiago and Lau (2008) appreciate the need for evaluating the efficacy of VAPBs against the common ventilator care practices using RCTs (randomized controlled trials) employing clinical outcomes like mortality rates, ventilator days and VAP rates as indicators. However, the study fails to measure the effectiveness of the relationship between VAPBs and the outcomes. The findings in this paper point towards the need to implement research-based VAPBs into the normal clinical practice. For effective implementation, I will adopt the PARIHS (Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services) conceptual framework as it effectively informs on transfer of knowledge

Four hours with the CSPD Essay Example for Free

Four hours with the CSPD Essay I want to express my gratitude and share my ride-a-long experience. The first thing I had to do was contact the Colorado Springs Stetson Hills Area Command to schedule my ride-along. I read the departments ride-along program policy and I received instructions on what I had to do to fulfill the necessary program requirements. Once the initial paperwork was done, a few signatures, a waiver and a criminal background check, I was ready to go. On the day of my ride-along while in the waiting room I met another person who was on a ride-along for class credit as well. After newly hour of waiting I finally met my officer. The officer that was chosen to allow me to ride-along was a female officer. Following her introduction we headed out to the Charger. I was giving a walkie-talkie with an earpiece so that I could listen to the communication from the dispatch. We entered the vehicle, buckled up and started on our way. In the cruiser the officer had logged into her laptop to check her files and looked at any updates on her calls. I was informed that my experience would vary just as much as the calls that the officers went out on from day to day. Some of my responsibilities were that I had to be self-sufficient, be able to think ahead, have the ability to know where I was and most importantly enjoy myself. Our first call was about an attempted shoplifting at a Safeway store. I had the opportunity to drive around the neighborhood and see homes were suspected criminal activity was believed to be. We also responded to a runaway from home. The last thing we did was make a traffic stop for an expired license plate registration. The great thing about the day was that I was able to ask her questions about how police procedures work and how they operate. My hope after this experience is that more people will carry themselves in the manner I observed during my ride-along and recognize what an asset and a delight our officers are to our city. I am now a huge fan of law enforcement because all the officers I saw or had contact with were kind, helpful and efficient. They often work alone, in remote areas. What was interesting to me was the amount of conservation the Officer engaged in. It was revealed through the ride-a-long that Officers do much more than enforce laws. An Officers job is much more than writing tickets. They conduct ongoing public relations. What a wonderful experience for me to see officers respond to incidents involving citizens and watch them handle situations in the same way I believe I would. I now have a completely different outlook and understanding of what our men and women in law enforcement must do every day to keep us safe. I was very impressed with the way they all conducted themselves while performing their duties. They were professional and tactful in the way he interacted with the people they had contact with throughout my ride-along. Each person was treated with the same level of respect. Watching the officer perform her duties made me feel completely safe as she showed complete competence. I found this experience to be informative and I saw a side of law enforcement that most of us never see. I recommend that others in our community spend time with our officers, as I did. My ride alone ended up after four hours and it was certainly eye-opening experience. I sympathize so much with the police officers now. Also I think that everyone should go do a ride-along program at least once in their lifetime, it will change the way you think about them. By the time we finished, I didnt witness any arrests or have the opportunity to blow through any red lights with blaring sirens but I was still impressed. For me it was a pretty fulfilling shift. I got to participate in the Colorado Springs Police Departments Ride-along program and I got to ride shotgun with one of the Springs finest. She even offered to let me stay on until her shift ended if I wanted to. The officer said that this ride-along was a pretty run-of-the-mill shift. Fortunately, there was no major violence during my ride. My hope, after this experience, is that more people will do a ride-along and recognize what an asset and a delight our officers are to our city.

Ethics in Business :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework Essays

*From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government standards and commercial standards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual basis. The second mitigating factor is the duress or threats that an employee might suffer if they do not follow through with their assignment. After the bogus testing was completed in the National Semiconductor labs, the documentation department also had to falsify documents stating that the parts had surpassed the governmental testing standards. From a legal and ethical standpoint, both the testers and the writers of the reports were merely acting as agents on direct orders from a superior. This was also the case when the plant in Singapore refused to falsify the documents Ethics in Business :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework Essays *From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government standards and commercial standards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual basis. The second mitigating factor is the duress or threats that an employee might suffer if they do not follow through with their assignment. After the bogus testing was completed in the National Semiconductor labs, the documentation department also had to falsify documents stating that the parts had surpassed the governmental testing standards. From a legal and ethical standpoint, both the testers and the writers of the reports were merely acting as agents on direct orders from a superior. This was also the case when the plant in Singapore refused to falsify the documents

Character Sketch Sample

Sample character sketch – my friend Liz. My friend Liz is the most amazing friend anybody could ask for. We’ve been through so much together, we’re basically like sisters. We met on the first day of school in sixth grade, both of us terrified by the massive size of the middle school. She had the locker right above mine. I told her I didn’t know anybody in our class and she said â€Å"You do now. † We’ve been friends ever since. Most boys think Liz is cute. She has long red hair, cascading over her shoulders. She laughs about everything and when she does, you see about a hundred white teeth – so bright, you almost need sunglasses. When she laughs, her eyes grow wide, glowing emerald green. Liz likes to dress kind of skater-ish, in camouflage pants, sweatshirts, and wristbands. But, she’s unpredictable, too. Sometimes she’ll wear overalls or a fancy dress. She must have three closets full of clothes, because she barely ever wears the same outfit twice. Liz is the most lively, animated character I’ve ever known. She’s always rushing around, trying to get the latest scoop on everybody. It’s like she’s in the FBI. Right before she shares important news, Liz tosses back her hair, takes a deep breath, and quickly looks side to side, to be sure the coast is clear. She never says anything mean about people, she just wants to know what’s going on. She always supports me in everything I want to do. Not many girls in our group of friends play sports, but when I told Liz I wanted to go out for basketball, she said â€Å"Go for it. † Now, she comes to see almost every game I play and cheer me on. Not only is Liz a tremendous supporter, she also trusts me to give her my honest opinion and to say what I feel. Last year, she thought Mrs. Jones gave her a lower math grade than she deserved. I told her the truth – that Liz handed everything in late and what did she expect? Next marking period, Liz got her work in on time, and pulled off an A-. Thanks to me, she said. Liz is a wonderful listener. She lets me tell her all my problems and she never diminishes the importance of my worries. I can tell she’s really listening, too, because she looks directly in my eyes the whole time, like she’s trying to see inside my head and figure me out. We don’t always agree on everything, and sometimes we even fight like sisters. But, in the end, we always stick together. Writing a CHARACTER SKETCH – can you draw your friend IN WORDS? Writers need to describe people believably and realistically. They need to describe characters in such detail readers can actually feel they know them. A character sketch is a way to put people on paper. It goes beyond just describing a person’s physical characteristics. Character sketches are most effective when they reveal â€Å"telling† details that capture the essence of someone’s personality. ?You are going to write a character sketch for someone you know. It could be a friend, family member, or anybody you know well. Here’s a list of things to include in your character sketch: †¢ opening – introduce the topic (your friend) †¢ explain how you met, or where you know each other from †¢ give a physical description – appearance, clothes, voice, habits, mannerisms, etc. †¢ personality trait #1, and supporting evidence †¢ personality trait #2, and supporting evidence †¢ personality trait #3, and supporting evidence †¢ closing comment – try to reconnect to your opening You do not have to follow this exact order, but your character sketch does need to include all these parts. TIP: Think about your friend in vivid detail. What color are her eyes? What kind of clothes does she favor? What kind of shoes? How is her hair cut and styled? Dig deeper. How does he talk? Fast, slow, soft? What nervous habits does he have? What does he daydream about? What music does he like? What sports? What subjects in school? These details can say a lot about personality.

The Fashion Industry - Zara Free Essay Example, 2500 words

From the point of view of the currency, the Euro is also strong as compared to the dollar in the US market thus they do not need to worry about the economic front (Arieff, 2010). Socio-Cultural factors The fashion industry is hugely effected due to the social elements present in the European Countries (Howe, 2003). Let us discuss it from the point of view of different age groups. The youngsters have the habit of buying clothes that are from the current trend and very fashionable so that they get attention from the others. But, they are also stuck with a limited budget and can only afford the clothes with the help of their pocket money. So for them, the trend would essentially be stuck to the garments like cheap and chic would be appropriate. According to Kluyver (2010), the market of Europe and Asia is growing and has a huge potential for the fashion industry. Technological Factors With the advancements in the technology, the internet has become the new shopping zone for the consumers. They can easily check and buy their clothes online without having to pay extra and also receiving the doorstep delivery of their items (Doyle. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fashion Industry - Zara or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now 2012). Thus, most of the organizations are transforming they network framework to link it with the online retail stores for easier delivery of the clothes (Bonacich, 2011). Since technology is constantly upgrading with new innovations being done everyday, it is advised that the fashion retailers also keep themselves updates and put the stress on the use of technology to streamline their process of the selling and connecting with the consumers in a much better manner. (Bhagwt, 2011) Porter’s Five Forces Threat of new entrants According to Mohring (2009), it is very difficult for the new players to enter the market of fashion and apparel. The main reason behind this statement is the high level of competition between the major players in the market. Thus, the market is getting saturated and difficult the new players. Most of the companies have already gained a majority of the market share and the market requires a lot of investment for an initial set up of an apparel company (Doyle, 2012) (Bonacich, 2011). Threat of substitutes As per Gardetti and Torres (2013) most of the players in the fashion industry have a market strategy of targeting the niche segment of consumers. This mainly possible due to the fact that each of these apparel brands has their own style and fashion line which exclusive to themselves. Apart from this, they also have an affordable clothing line for the general public who have an interest in the brand.